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ELEMENTal PROPERTIES and Information
Periodic Organization
Name: Xenon
Symbol: Xe
Atomic Number: 54
Atomic Weight: 131.239
Group Number: 18, VIIIA
Period Number: 5
Classification (Name): Inert/Noble Gases
State Classification: Gaseous
Elemental Classification: Non-Metal
BOHR Model
8 Valence Electrons
5 Energy Levels
Physical
Xenon is colorless and has no luster when found in nature. However, it can discharge a bright, purple glow when placed in a high voltage electric field. Because it is a gas, it has no natural texture but it is particularly heavy.
Malleable: No
Ductile: NoConductivity: Poor
Boiling Point: 165.03 °K
Melting Point: 161.34 °KDensity: 5.761 kg/m3 (Pure)
Chemical
Reactivity: Xenon is not very reactive because of its full shell of 8 valence electrons. Fluorine is the only element that reacts with Xenon (XeF4)
Toxicity: Xenon is harmless in its natural state. Nevertheless, its compounds (ex. xenon trioxide) can be exceedingly toxic.
Flammability: Xenon is not flammable because it is an inert gas and only reacts with Fluorine.
Oxidation Number: 0 (Charge)
LEWIS Dot
Diagram
Lewis Dot Diagram:
Discovery & History
Chemists William Ramsay and Morris Travers discovered Xenon in September 1898. Shortly after discovering neon and krypton, they found xenon in residue left from evaporated liquid air.
Xenon in Nature
Xenon is found in its natural form in the Earth's atmosphere, which comprises of about 87 / 1,000,000,000 (0.0000087%) of xenon gas.
Because xenon is not very abundant on Earth, 100 grams of xenon will typically cost you $120 to $8,000 depending on the supplier.
Frequent Uses for Xenon
Automotive Headlights
Many automotive manufactures often turn to Xenon-based headlights to implement into their products. Xenon is proven to be more efficient and longer lasting than conventional Halogen-based headlights. As they are inert gas based, Xenon headlights provide brighter light with less power consumption. Xenon headlights provide a high-intensity discharge light source to work with both high and low beams.
STROBE LIGHTS (STROBOSCOPIC LAMPS)
Xenon particles are common components found in strobe lights. Stated simply, small amounts of xenon inside the lamps are heated to around 5,600 Kelvins to excite the particles. When excited, xenon discharges bright masses of plasma. Different colored gels can be used to produce different light colors and different motion lighting strategies can be put in place to demonstrate different light effects.
Various Specialized lamps
Similar to the Xenon-based automotive headlights, xenon is used in technologies for specialized lamps. Xenon can be used for specific reasons and particular situations. For example, stroboscopic (strobe) lamps, photographic flash lamps, high-intensive arc-lamps for projecting motion pictures, deep-sea observation lamps, sunbed lamps, and bacterial-terminating lamps all use xenon gas.
pOtential Fuel for Spacecraft
Xenon was tested as a potential spacecraft fuel by NASA. NASA's Deep Space (DS1) Probe was the first of many to test Xenon as fuel in an ion engine. DS1 propelled itself past Mars-crossing near-Earth asteroid 9969 Braille in 1999 and comet Borrelly in 2001. The DS1 probe project costed $152.3 MIL in total (compromising of $94.8 MIL for development, $43.5MIL for launch, $10.3MIL for operations, & $3.7MIL for science.
XENON APP
YOUR MOBILE GUIDE TO ELEMENT 54
Properties List
Common Uses and Applications
Element Basics
Historical Information and Discovery
Much more within the app
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